Global trade has seen substantial changes, influenced by various factors shaping the current economic landscape. Recognizing the key drivers of global trade and identifying emerging markets is crucial for businesses and policymakers.

Technological advancements play a pivotal role in driving global trade. Advancements in transportation, such as containerisation and advanced logistics, have cut shipping costs and boosted the efficiency of international trade. Furthermore, digital technologies, including blockchain and artificial intelligence, enhance supply chain transparency and security. These technologies enable real-time tracking of goods, reduce fraud, and optimise inventory management. As a result, businesses can operate more efficiently and respond quickly to market demands, fostering increased trade activities. Additionally, the growth of digital platforms facilitates cross-border e-commerce, allowing consumers and businesses to access global markets with ease.

Emerging markets are becoming significant players in global trade, contributing to the shifting dynamics of the international economy. Countries such as China, India, Brazil, and Vietnam have witnessed rapid economic growth, fueled by industrialization, urbanization, and a rising middle class. These international trade markets offer lucrative opportunities for businesses looking to expand their operations and tap into new consumer bases. For example, China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) aims to enhance connectivity and trade between Asia, Europe, and Africa, creating new trade routes and investment opportunities. Additionally, regional trade agreements, such as the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), promote economic integration and boost intra-regional trade in emerging markets.

Trade policies and agreements continue to influence the global trade environment. Multilateral bodies, such as the World Trade Organization (WTO), are key in facilitating trade negotiations and resolving disputes among member countries. Recent trade policy developments, including the transformation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) into the United States-Mexico-copyright Agreement (USMCA), show the evolving priorities of nations in safeguarding their economic interests while promoting trade. Additionally, the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) exemplifies efforts to deepen economic integration and reduce trade barriers among member countries. Understanding these trade agreements and policies is essential for businesses to effectively navigate the complexities of global trade.